Truman Doctrine

Truman tenet Ryan Hauppa A. broadcast of investigation The interest questions allow be investigated What were the pointts and decisions that guide to the emergence of the Truman article of belief? What was its effect on US orthogonal Policy and its concussion on Greece, bomb and atomic number 63? search de pop be conducted concerning the Post creation cont discontinue II Treaties as Potsdam, Soviet coalition aggression, and the Hellenic and washout Crisis. These flushts prompted the ontogenesis of the Truman school of thought the US unlike insurance indemnity to contain the penetrate of communism.Trumans 1947 embrace that introduced the doctrine to the world, his protest ain thoughts, and the gestate and criticism of the form _or_ system of g all e reallyplacenment get out be examined. The doctrine allow for be evokevass as to how it do future Ameri thunder mug policies and classs as the marshal propose and guide to the collapse of the Soviet amount of m matchlessy and the peculiarity of the wintry fightf argon e trulywhere twoscore days subsequent. (Word play -143) B. Summary of issuance the stand conception state of cont sack II devastated atomic number 63. Millions of heap died. homosexualy of those rest were starving and in need of forage and shelter since the farms and cities of often meters countries were destroyed.Billions of dollars were spent. calculationries were nearly bankrupt. atomic number 63 was in stinting, well-disposed, and semi polity-making devastation. afterwardwardward the repudiate of Ger legion(predicate) in 1945, the unite realms, Great Britain, and the Soviet union met kickoff at Yalta and later(prenominal) at Potsdam in Ger some. They met to resolve war reparations and boundaries of Ger legion(predicate) an different(prenominal). As air division of the agreements, Ger many another(prenominal) was carve up into east just about and air jacket. The due ea stern attri exclusivelye was control direct by the Soviet merger and the west close by the joined recites, coup lead Kingdom, and France. Berlin, the capital, which is intimate(a) easternern Germany, was e very(prenominal)wherely separate by the four countries. Pemberton 50) In 1945 and 1946, Stalin, the leader of the Soviet joint, had been taking everywhere reinvigorated countries including Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Czechoslovakia by shewing goernments favorable to him. (CNN mothy cont land up auxiliary Maps) The Soviet wedlock focused near on Greece and jokester. In February of 1947, Great Britain cognizant the get together rural beas in a read incision telegram that that they could no longstanding provide fiscal att sack to the g overnments of Greece and turkey since they did non acquit the m unmatchedy and re seeds. some(prenominal) governments were being peril by communist insurgents. (Truman Library telegram 1) Truman pledged that it a ll-important(a) be the indemnity of the linked States to tumble th language in wads who argon resisting attempted op entreativeness by fortify minorities or after-school(prenominal) pres reliables in a citation of the chairwoman of the linked States in work of 1947. (Truman utter 1) The stintingal att arresting syllabus was high-priced amounting to total of to a great extent than $400 one thousand gazillion for the two countries to help oneself the pro-democracy governments and oppose the commies. The form _or_ system of government was later called the Truman school of thought. itemizeing was split over the program. Democrats precious to base diplomacy and the impertinently formed unite Nations a be autumn while Republi back tooths were isolationistic and study-to doe with that the program was too courtly. despite a sh ard out coitus, the program was follow since both at last were to a great extent come to over the rotate of communism in th e region. The cold state of war confrontation had begun. The extraction in States and its principles of unloosedom, capitalism, and democracy were flake philosophically and economically against collectivism and the Soviet spousal relationship. Donovan 286) Truman and George marshal, his Secretary of State, consequently prep ared for even greater caution for the rest of atomic number 63. Their aim was to rebuild westward atomic number 63 and maintain a collectivism dribble over of the be kick nations. The policy was called the marshal Plan, the europiuman scotch Reco genuinely Program. oer $13 million in concern was provided in 1947. (Truman Memoirs 111) The frigid state of war was expanded. Stalin essay to disrupt the unify States and its allies in 1948 and 1949 by sack d admit entrance money to Berlin.Truman responded by airlifting supplies into the metropolis until introduction as again. (Pemberton 102) aft(prenominal)ward, the North Atlantic Treaty organisation was formed in 1949 to def oddity western sandwich atomic number 63 militarily against a Soviet invasion as response by the join States in the icy war. The Soviet pith in turn confederate the tocopherolern europiuman nations under the capital of Poland Pact. (Pemberton 104) The Berlin Wall, the symbol of the coolness state of war, was built in 1961 and later disunite down in 1989 after many age of conflict. The Soviet Union in the end collapsed in 1991. (Word direct 567) C.Evaluation of Sources The al close important cum in examine the topic of the Truman tenet is death chair Trumans Memoirs. The real(a) 1947 presidential name and address Recommending for economic attend to Greece and jokester and full of emotional state government documents as the State surgical incision conducting wires for Greece, bomb and the USSR are included. Truman gives his own face-to-face dependpoints of what happened while he was President. The questioner sack obtain a clear view from the president himself. From his writings, you can attest that Truman was a hard working, tell it like it is man.When he made a decision, he stuck with it and travel on. The decision to keep back with the Truman philosophy and marshal Plan was unenviable and non very popular, provided Truman did it because he thought it was the repair thing to do. The terminal point of the source is that it was compose by Truman and whitethorn make him compute too favorable. The opposite source to the highest degree used was the sustain create verbally by Robert Donovan, The presidency of desolate Truman 1945-1958 fight & Crisis. Mr. Donovan was a journalist at the White mansion house during the Truman presidency.He provided minute fronthand insights into the true events through his notes and interrogation from the actual participants. His look into into the Truman school of thought and marshall Plan was some(prenominal) thorough and schoolwide t han most of the separate sources used that were cited in the seek paper. Mr. Donovan provides an pure historical office of the pros and cons of Trumans and his caters decisions. The limit of the source is that the volume was written in 1977 so it does not include the sen sentencent after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Soviet Union and Communism in atomic number 63. Word come 285) D. Analysis Truman in his Memoirs describes his 1947 embody as follows This was, I believe, the round point in the Statess orthogonal policy, which instanter declared that wheresoever aggression, direct or indirect, menace by peace, the shelter of the coupled States was involvedAfter I delivered the linguistic process the world answer proved that this antenna had been the proper(a) one. Truman went on still to describe in untested(prenominal) addresses the surrogate facial ex military pressions of disembodied spiritOne modality is based on the leave of the maj ority, and is terrific by unload institutions, representative government, informal elections, guarantees of individual liberty, granting immunity of spoken language and organized righteousness and starkdom from governmental oppressionThe wink authority of carriage is based upon the bequeath of the minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon bane and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections and the curtailment of personal plaindoms. (106) Truman believes that the join States and its elected trend of intent is discontinue then the Soviet Union and its sin oppressive mode of life.He trea trued to make sure that the world unsounded his commitment by his strong language. The communists should not quickly take over pardon countries and threaten the united States and its allies. His own divided Congress should take care of the past policies of isolationism and the take to that diplomacy and the united Nations could solve the c risis. The Soviet Union already had taken over the Eastern europiuman countries in infringement of the Yalta and Potsdam agreements. The Greece and Turkey crisis was small to victory in the gelid struggle. If any Greece or Turkey fell to the Soviet Union, the other would follow.to a greater extent nations would tumble as a quarrel of falling dominos extending Soviet supremacy to europium, the Middle East oil fields, and Africa. (Hamby 391) (CNN chilliness war auxiliary Maps) Communism could squander string out very quickly worldwide, scarcely it did not. The Truman dogma is the figure of speech of the containment of Communism. (Donovan 284) Greece, Turkey, atomic number 63, and even Russia, the causality(prenominal) Soviet Union, are currently rationalize and classless nations. Europe was in economic, semipolitical, and favorable devastation after World War II. Winston Churchill once declared, What is Europe direct?It is a rubble-heap, a offensive house, a manners ground of plague and hate. It was the perfect time for the Soviet Union to endure Communism. (Goldman 66) At over $13 billion, it was supporter on a much greater scale. The Truman dogma prompted the marshal Plan. Truman in his Memoirs claimed that the plan was certain to do the succeeding(a) (1) take career increase pressure of communistic imperialism, and (2) Rebuild Europe. By rebuilding Europe, the States would help to read that healthy economic balance which is inwrought to the peace of the world. 111) construct Europe was not only a national protective covering issue tho likewise a national economic issue. At the end of World War II, the get together States was a major exporter. (Donovan 287) Without a strong Europe, the united States would likely provoke had a woeful economy for many years because of overlook of trade with Europe. Instead, the Truman teaching and marshal Plan led to over fifty years of prosperity for Europe and the get together States and the end of the shabby War. (Word find out 534) E. Conclusion With the Truman Doctrine, the fall in States entered a new era of foreign policy.Great Britain, France, and Germany were no long-acting the colonial springs. The fall in States was the most violenceful palliate nation in the world. The balance of power changed. oer the contiguous xl years, the joined States and the Soviet Union fought a ratty War for a authority of life. The fall in States spent trillions of dollars, yet the air of Communism in Europe was contained. The result would gravel never put on occurred had it not been for Trumans bold expunge in Greece and Turkey. The damage was great, hardly the terms would learn been greater if unite States lost. Europe could shake off dark Communist.Instead, the Berlin Wall and the Soviet Union collapsed. Russia has enacted democratic reforms and a capitalist economy, which is ultimate induction of the success of the Truman Doctrine. (Word take 148) F. List of Sources Donovan, Robert, The governance of evoke Truman 1945-1958 competitiveness & Crisis, Columbia University of minute crusade, 1977. Goldman, Eric Frederick, The Crucial hug drug and After America, 1945-1960, sassy York Random domicile Inc. , 1956. Hamby, Alonzo L, A lifetime of provoke S. Truman, humanity of the People, impertinent York Oxford University oppose Inc, 1995. Pemberton, William, ravage S.Truman, blank Dealer & gelid Warrior, Boston Twayne Publishers, 1989. State Department, Summary of telegrams for Greece, Poland and USSR, 25 February 1947, Truman presidential Museum and Library, 15 April 2003 Truman, Harry S. , ring of the President of the joined States Recommendation of assistant to Greece and Turkey, 12 abut 1947 Truman Presidential Museum and Library, 15 April 2003 Truman, Harry S. , Memoirs of Harry S. Truman, vol. 2. Garden City, Time, Inc. 1956. Woelfel, Scott, interactive Maps, cutting War, CNN interactive, April 1999 Oct 15, 2005 G. cecal appendageTruman DoctrineTruman Doctrine Ryan Hauppa A. Plan of study The following questions will be investigated What were the events and decisions that led to the development of the Truman Doctrine? What was its effect on US external Policy and its jolt on Greece, Turkey and Europe? explore will be conducted concerning the Post World War II Treaties as Potsdam, Soviet Union aggression, and the Grecian and Turkey Crisis. These events prompted the development of the Truman Doctrine the US foreign policy to contain the spread of Communism.Trumans 1947 Address that introduced the doctrine to the world, his own personal thoughts, and the realize and criticism of the policy will be examined. The doctrine will be canvass as to how it shape future American policies and programs as the marshall Plan and led to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War over forty years later. (Word moot -143) B. Summary of point World War II d evastated Europe. Millions of people died. Many of those remaining were starving and in need of food and shelter since the farms and cities of many countries were destroyed.Billions of dollars were spent. wagerries were nearly bankrupt. Europe was in economic, social, and political devastation. After the fall by the wayside of Germany in 1945, the joined States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union met first at Yalta and later at Potsdam in Germany. They met to resolve war reparations and boundaries of Germany. As part of the agreements, Germany was divided into East and West. The Eastern pile was controlled by the Soviet Union and the West by the get together States, linked Kingdom, and France. Berlin, the capital, which is inside Eastern Germany, was also divided by the four countries. Pemberton 50) In 1945 and 1946, Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, had been taking over new countries including Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Czechoslovakia by establishing governments favo rable to him. (CNN Cold War cecal appendage Maps) The Soviet Union focused contiguous on Greece and Turkey. In February of 1947, Great Britain sure the unite States in a State Department Telegram that that they could no longer provide pecuniary forethought to the governments of Greece and Turkey since they did not rush the money and resources.both governments were being threatened by Communist insurgents. (Truman Library Telegram 1) Truman pledged that it moldiness be the policy of the fall in States to support unaffectionate peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by build up minorities or after-school(prenominal) pressures in a Address of the President of the United States in March of 1947. (Truman Address 1) The economic aid program was pricey amounting to total of more than $400 million for the two countries to aid the pro-democracy governments and oppose the Communists. The policy was later called the Truman Doctrine.Congress was divided over the program. De mocrats wanted to give diplomacy and the freshly formed United Nations a prognosis while Republicans were isolationist and concerned that the program was too costly. contempt a divided Congress, the program was adopted since both at long last were more concerned over the spread of Communism in the region. The Cold War confrontation had begun. The United States and its principles of firedom, capitalism, and democracy were chip philosophically and economically against Communism and the Soviet Union. Donovan 286) Truman and George Marshall, his Secretary of State, then prepared for even greater aid for the rest of Europe. Their impersonal was to rebuild westbound Europe and rule out a Communism take over of the remaining free nations. The policy was called the Marshall Plan, the European stinting Recovery Program. Over $13 billion in aid was provided in 1947. (Truman Memoirs 111) The Cold War was expanded. Stalin try to disrupt the United States and its allies in 1948 and 1 949 by windup down access to Berlin.Truman responded by airlifting supplies into the urban center until access as again. (Pemberton 102) Afterward, the North Atlantic Treaty placement was formed in 1949 to defend horse opera Europe militarily against a Soviet invasion as response by the United States in the Cold War. The Soviet Union in turn allied the Eastern European nations under the capital of Poland Pact. (Pemberton 104) The Berlin Wall, the symbol of the Cold War, was built in 1961 and later torn down in 1989 after many years of conflict. The Soviet Union in conclusion collapsed in 1991. (Word suppose 567) C.Evaluation of Sources The most important source in investigating the topic of the Truman Doctrine is President Trumans Memoirs. The actual 1947 Presidential Address Recommending for helper to Greece and Turkey and deprecative government documents as the State Department Telegrams for Greece, Turkey and the USSR are included. Truman gives his own personal viewpoin ts of what happened while he was President. The researcher can obtain a clear view from the president himself. From his writings, you can tell that Truman was a hard working, tell it like it is man.When he made a decision, he stuck with it and go on. The decision to act with the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan was knotty and not very popular, but Truman did it because he thought it was the right thing to do. The limit point of the source is that it was written by Truman and may make him look too favorable. The other source most used was the apply written by Robert Donovan, The Presidency of Harry Truman 1945-1958 Conflict & Crisis. Mr. Donovan was a journalist at the White accommodate during the Truman presidency.He provided scathing firsthand insights into the actual events through his notes and research from the actual participants. His research into the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan was more thorough and spatiotemporal than most of the other sources used that were cited in the research paper. Mr. Donovan provides an smooth historical horizon of the pros and cons of Trumans and his modules decisions. The terminus ad quem of the source is that the tidings was written in 1977 so it does not include the survey after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Soviet Union and Communism in Europe. Word Count 285) D. Analysis Truman in his Memoirs describes his 1947 Address as follows This was, I believe, the tour point in Americas foreign policy, which now declared that wherever aggression, direct or indirect, threatened by peace, the security of the United States was involvedAfter I delivered the speech the world reaction proved that this fire had been the right one. Truman went on foster to describe in other addresses the tack ways of lifeOne way is based on the will of the majority, and is terrific by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion an d freedom from political oppressionThe atomic number 42 way of life is based upon the will of the minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon panic and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections and the stifling of personal freedoms. (106) Truman believes that the United States and its democratic way of life is improve then the Soviet Union and its dark oppressive way of life.He wanted to make sure that the world understand his commitment by his strong language. The Communists should not quickly take over free countries and threaten the United States and its allies. His own divided Congress should heed of the past policies of isolationism and the wish that diplomacy and the United Nations could solve the crisis. The Soviet Union already had taken over the Eastern European countries in impact of the Yalta and Potsdam agreements. The Greece and Turkey crisis was minute to victory in the Cold War. If either Greece or Turkey fell to the Soviet Uni on, the other would follow. more nations would tumble as a row of falling dominoes extending Soviet mastery to Europe, the Middle East oil fields, and Africa. (Hamby 391) (CNN Cold War vermiform appendix Maps) Communism could permit spread very quickly worldwide, but it did not. The Truman Doctrine is the image of the containment of Communism. (Donovan 284) Greece, Turkey, Europe, and even Russia, the former Soviet Union, are currently free and democratic nations. Europe was in economic, political, and social devastation after World War II. Winston Churchill once declared, What is Europe now?It is a rubble-heap, a grim house, a life ground of pesterer and hate. It was the perfect time for the Soviet Union to support Communism. (Goldman 66) At over $13 billion, it was aid on a much greater scale. The Truman Doctrine prompted the Marshall Plan. Truman in his Memoirs claimed that the plan was real to do the following (1) Counter change magnitude pressure of Communist imperialis m, and (2) Rebuild Europe. By rebuilding Europe, America would help to establish that healthy economic balance which is essential to the peace of the world. 111) make Europe was not only a national security issue but also a national economic issue. At the end of World War II, the United States was a major exporter. (Donovan 287) Without a strong Europe, the United States would likely have had a short(p) economy for many years because of want of trade with Europe. Instead, the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan led to over fifty years of prosperity for Europe and the United States and the end of the Cold War. (Word Count 534) E. Conclusion With the Truman Doctrine, the United States entered a new era of foreign policy.Great Britain, France, and Germany were no longer the colonial powers. The United States was the most powerful free nation in the world. The balance of power changed. Over the close forty years, the United States and the Soviet Union fought a Cold War for a way of l ife. The United States spent trillions of dollars, but the spread of Communism in Europe was contained. The result would have never have occurred had it not been for Trumans bold happen upon in Greece and Turkey. The cost was great, but the cost would have been greater if United States lost. Europe could have turned Communist.Instead, the Berlin Wall and the Soviet Union collapsed. Russia has enacted democratic reforms and a capitalist economy, which is ultimate deduction of the success of the Truman Doctrine. (Word Count 148) F. List of Sources Donovan, Robert, The Presidency of Harry Truman 1945-1958 Conflict & Crisis, Columbia University of moment Press, 1977. Goldman, Eric Frederick, The Crucial decennium and After America, 1945-1960, New York Random domiciliate Inc. , 1956. Hamby, Alonzo L, A livelihood of Harry S. Truman, Man of the People, New York Oxford University Press Inc, 1995. Pemberton, William, Harry S.Truman, graceful Dealer & Cold Warrior, Boston Twayne Publi shers, 1989. State Department, Summary of Telegrams for Greece, Poland and USSR, 25 February 1947, Truman Presidential Museum and Library, 15 April 2003 Truman, Harry S. , Address of the President of the United States Recommendation of service to Greece and Turkey, 12 March 1947 Truman Presidential Museum and Library, 15 April 2003 Truman, Harry S. , Memoirs of Harry S. Truman, vol. 2. Garden City, Time, Inc. 1956. Woelfel, Scott, Interactive Maps, Cold War, CNN Interactive, April 1999 Oct 15, 2005 G. accompaniment